Methods and systems for calculating and retrieving analytic data

ABSTRACT

A data management system for calculating and retrieving analytic data involves a computing device coupled to a database. The system includes a plurality of data structures such as database tables. The data structures include a measure data structure including a measure-data element, a collection data structure including a collection-data element, and a fact data structure configured to store a fact-data element including an aggregated value. The aggregated value refers to the result generated by a query computation performed on a transaction database. The system includes a fact-analyzer module configured to generate the aggregated value from the transaction data utilizing the measure-data element and the collection-data element, wherein the measure-data element defines how the aggregated value is calculated. The fact-analyzer module is also configured to store the aggregated value and links to the measure-data element and the collection-data element in the fact-data element.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to processing data and, moreparticularly, to systems and methods for calculating and retrievinganalytic data using a body of transactional data managed by a relationaldatabase management system (RDBMS).

Transactional data, such as payment card transaction data, is collectedand processed routinely by organizations associated with thetransactions. Payment card transactions (e.g., credit cards, debitcards, pre-paid cards, gift cards, etc.) may involve a number ofparties, including merchants, issuers, cardholders, acquirers, andpayment networks. Payment card transactions are so ubiquitous in societytoday that the volume of data associated with these transactions hasgrown quite large. The entities tasked with tracking, maintaining, andreporting on these transactions must efficiently process large numbersof transactions daily.

In some cases, interchange networks act as central communication hubsfor processing transactional data, providing services to at least someof the parties involved in the payment card transaction. Routinely,payment networks are asked to provide reporting to the customers thatthey support. For example, an issuer may request that an interchangenetwork provide the issuer with totals from a prior day's transactions.To provide such a service, an analyst associated with the interchangenetwork traditionally must query a large database and generate anaggregated result to return to the analyst. Based on a variety ofvariables, such as system load, database size, the type of query, andindexing efficiency, the analyst's query may take many seconds orminutes to complete.

Some known systems for increasing efficiency of these aggregationcalculations involve creating separate tables of data, sometimes called“aggregate tables.” These aggregate tables may store duplicateinformation, allowing a query to run on a subset of the data rather thana larger database. Other aggregate tables may compute a specificaggregation for each customer and store these values in a separatetable. These approaches improve efficiency in certain situations bydecreasing the amount of data to search, indexing on a key field tunedfor a particular query, or pre-calculating a value. However, each ofthese approaches requires custom data structures to be built andmaintained.

Accordingly, a method and system is needed that enables the paymentnetwork to: (i) store pre-calculated aggregation results in a databasestructure that allows the flexibility to field different types ofqueries without unnecessarily duplicating data; (ii) structure thedatabase and queries quickly identify and provided the results to arequesting customer; and (iii) facilitate periodic updating of theaggregation results.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, a data management system for calculating and retrievinganalytic data is provided, and involves a computing device coupled to adatabase including transaction data. The system includes a measure datastructure within the database including a measure-data element. Thesystem also includes a collection data structure within the databaseincluding a collection-data element. The system further includes a factdata structure within the database. The fact data structure isconfigured to store a fact-data element. The fact-data element includesan aggregated value, a link to the measure-data element, and a link tothe collection-data element. The system also includes a fact-analyzermodule. The fact-analyzer module is configured to generate theaggregated value from the transaction data utilizing at least themeasure-data element and the collection-data element, wherein themeasure-data element defines how the aggregated value is calculated andthe collection-data element defines a categorization of the aggregatedvalue. The fact-analyzer module is also configured to store theaggregated value and links to the measure-data element and thecollection-data element in the fact-data element.

In another aspect, a method of calculating and retrieving analytic datastored within a computing device in communication with a database isprovided. The method includes storing a measure-data element in ameasure data structure within the database. The method also includesstoring a collection-data element in a collection data structure withinthe database. The method further includes calculating an aggregatedvalue from the database based at least in part on the measure-dataelement and the collection-data element, wherein the measure-dataelement defines how the aggregated value is calculated and thecollection-data element defines a categorization of the aggregatedvalue. The method also includes storing the aggregated value and linksto the measure-data element and the collection-data element in afact-data element of a fact data structure.

In yet another aspect, computer-readable storage media havingcomputer-executable instructions embodied thereon is provided. Whenexecuted by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructionscause the processor to store a measure-data element in a measure datastructure within a database. The computer-executable instructions alsocause the processor to store a collection-data element in a collectiondata structure within the database. The computer-executable instructionsfurther cause the processor to calculate an aggregated value from thedatabase based at least in part on the measure-data element and thecollection-data element, wherein the measure-data element defines howthe aggregated value is calculated and the collection-data elementdefines a categorization of the aggregated value. Thecomputer-executable instructions also cause the processor to store theaggregated value and links to the measure-data element and thecollection-data element in a fact-data element of a fact data structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1-11 show example embodiments of the methods and systems describedherein.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example multi-partypayment card industry system for enabling ordinary payment-by-cardtransactions in which merchants and card issuers do not necessarily havea one-to-one relationship.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example analytic systemincluding a plurality of computer devices in accordance with one exampleembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an expanded block diagram of an example embodiment of a serverarchitecture of the system including the plurality of computer devicesin accordance with one example embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example configuration of a client system shown inFIGS. 2 and 3.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example configuration of a server system shown inFIGS. 2 and 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an example transaction databaseand a set of core data structures used by the system shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an example database tablestructure illustrating the set of core data structures shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a detailed schematic block diagram of a first subset of datastructures supporting the “Collection” table shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 is a detailed schematic block diagram of a first subset of datastructures supporting the “Calendar” table shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 10 is a detailed schematic block diagram of a first subset of datastructures supporting the “Measure” table shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a method for calculating and retrievinganalytic data using the analytic system shown in FIG. 2 and the datastructures shown in FIGS. 6-10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention calculate and stage aggregate datavalues for users of a transaction-oriented database. The methods andsystems described herein facilitate improved access times for users whenrequesting various aggregate data values associated with theirtransaction accounts. In one embodiment, common aggregate data valuesare pre-computed on a routine basis, and stored in a series of flexibledatabase tables organized to facilitate prompt access through a lookuprather than a real-time calculation. The database table organizationfacilitates flexibility by using supporting tables that genericallystore and relate parameters associated with many types of dataaggregations that users may require. The database system computesaggregate data values from a separate transaction database. The partsnecessary to define this computation are stored in the supporting tablesand used by the system to compute and store many aggregate data valuesfor many users. The aggregate data values are then stored in a centraltable, along with links to each of the supporting tables used in thecalculation. Because the calculations have been performed prior to theuser's request, the only latency the user notices is the time taken tosearch and return a single row, rather than the time necessary toretrieve and summarize many rows.

As used herein, the term “database” may refer to either a body of data,a relational database management system (RDBMS), or both. As usedherein, a database may include any collection of data includinghierarchical databases, relational databases, flat file databases,object-relational databases, object oriented databases, and any otherstructured collection of records or data that is stored in a computersystem. The above examples are example only, and thus are not intendedto limit in any way the definition and/or meaning of the term database.Examples of RDBMS's include, but are not limited to including, Oracle®Database, MySQL, IBM® DB2, Microsoft® SQL Server, Sybase®, andPostgreSQL. However, any database may be used that enables the systemsand methods described herein. (Oracle is a registered trademark ofOracle Corporation, Redwood Shores, Calif.; IBM is a registeredtrademark of International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y.;Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond,Wash.; and Sybase is a registered trademark of Sybase, Dublin, Calif.)

As used herein, a processor may include any programmable systemincluding systems using micro-controllers, reduced instruction setcircuits (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), logiccircuits, and any other circuit or processor capable of executing thefunctions described herein. The above examples are example only, and arethus not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaning ofthe term “processor.”

As used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable,and include any computer program stored in memory for execution by aprocessor, including RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROMmemory, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The above memory types areexample only, and are thus not limiting as to the types of memory usablefor storage of a computer program.

In one embodiment, a computer program is provided, and the program isembodied on a computer readable medium. In an example embodiment, thesystem is executed on a single computer system, without requiring aconnection to a sever computer. In a further embodiment, the system isbeing run in a Windows® environment (Windows is a registered trademarkof Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.). In yet another embodiment,the system is run on a mainframe environment and a UNIX® serverenvironment (UNIX is a registered trademark of X/Open Company Limitedlocated in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom). The application isflexible and designed to run in various different environments withoutcompromising any major functionality. In some embodiments, the systemincludes multiple components distributed among a plurality of computingdevices. One or more components may be in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions embodied in a computer-readable medium.The systems and processes are not limited to the specific embodimentsdescribed herein. In addition, components of each system and eachprocess can be practiced independent and separate from other componentsand processes described herein. Each component and process can also beused in combination with other assembly packages and processes.

As used herein, the terms “transaction card,” “financial transactioncard,” and “payment card” refer to any suitable transaction card, suchas a credit card, a debit card, a prepaid card, a charge card, amembership card, a promotional card, a frequent flyer card, anidentification card, a prepaid card, a gift card, and/or any otherdevice that may hold payment account information, such as mobile phones,Smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), key fobs, and/orcomputers. Each type of transactions card can be used as a method ofpayment for performing a transaction. In addition, consumer card accountbehavior can include but is not limited to purchases, managementactivities (e.g., balance checking), bill payments, achievement oftargets (meeting account balance goals, paying bills on time), and/orproduct registrations (e.g., mobile application downloads).

The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of theinvention by way of example and not by way of limitation. It iscontemplated that the invention has general application to processingfinancial transaction data by a third party in industrial, commercial,and residential applications.

As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceededwith the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding pluralelements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited.Furthermore, references to “example embodiment” or “one embodiment” ofthe present invention are not intended to be interpreted as excludingthe existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate therecited features.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example multi-partytransaction card industry system 20 for enabling ordinarypayment-by-card transactions in which merchants 24 and card issuers 30do not need to have a one-to-one special relationship. Embodimentsdescribed herein may relate to a transaction card system, such as acredit card payment system using the MasterCard® interchange network.The MasterCard® interchange network is a set of proprietarycommunications standards promulgated by MasterCard InternationalIncorporated® for the exchange of financial transaction data and thesettlement of funds between financial institutions that are members ofMasterCard International Incorporated®. (MasterCard is a registeredtrademark of MasterCard International Incorporated located in Purchase,N.Y.).

In a typical transaction card system, a financial institution called the“issuer” issues a transaction card, such as a credit card, to a consumeror cardholder 22, who uses the transaction card to tender payment for apurchase from a merchant 24. To accept payment with the transactioncard, merchant 24 must normally establish an account with a financialinstitution that is part of the financial payment system. This financialinstitution is usually called the “merchant bank,” the “acquiring bank,”or the “acquirer.” When cardholder 22 tenders payment for a purchasewith a transaction card, merchant 24 requests authorization from amerchant bank 26 for the amount of the purchase. The request may beperformed over the telephone, but is usually performed through the useof a point-of-sale terminal, which reads cardholder's 22 accountinformation from a magnetic stripe, a chip, or embossed characters onthe transaction card and communicates electronically with thetransaction processing computers of merchant bank 26. Alternatively,merchant bank 26 may authorize a third party to perform transactionprocessing on its behalf. In this case, the point-of-sale terminal willbe configured to communicate with the third party. Such a third party isusually called a “merchant processor,” an “acquiring processor,” or a“third party processor.”

Using an interchange network 28, computers of merchant bank 26 ormerchant processor will communicate with computers of an issuer bank 30to determine whether cardholder's 22 account 32 is in good standing andwhether the purchase is covered by cardholder's 22 available creditline. Based on these determinations, the request for authorization willbe declined or accepted. If the request is accepted, an authorizationcode is issued to merchant 24.

When a request for authorization is accepted, the available credit lineof cardholder's 22 account 32 is decreased. Normally, a charge for apayment card transaction is not posted immediately to cardholder's 22account 32 because bankcard associations, such as MasterCardInternational Incorporated®, have promulgated rules that do not allowmerchant 24 to charge, or “capture,” a transaction until goods areshipped or services are delivered. However, with respect to at leastsome debit card transactions, a charge may be posted at the time of thetransaction. When merchant 24 ships or delivers the goods or services,merchant 24 captures the transaction by, for example, appropriate dataentry procedures on the point-of-sale terminal. This may includebundling of approved transactions daily for standard retail purchases.If cardholder 22 cancels a transaction before it is captured, a “void”is generated. If cardholder 22 returns goods after the transaction hasbeen captured, a “credit” is generated. Interchange network 28 and/orissuer bank 30 stores the transaction card information, such as a typeof merchant, amount of purchase, date of purchase, in a database 120(shown in FIG. 2).

After a purchase has been made, a clearing process occurs to transferadditional transaction data related to the purchase among the parties tothe transaction, such as merchant bank 26, interchange network 28, andissuer bank 30. More specifically, during and/or after the clearingprocess, additional data, such as a time of purchase, a merchant name, atype of merchant, purchase information, cardholder account information,a type of transaction, itinerary information, information regarding thepurchased item and/or service, and/or other suitable information, isassociated with a transaction and transmitted between parties to thetransaction as transaction data, and may be stored by any of the partiesto the transaction. In the exemplary embodiment, when cardholder 22purchases travel, such as airfare, a hotel stay, and/or a rental car, atleast partial itinerary information is transmitted during the clearanceprocess as transaction data. When interchange network 28 receives theitinerary information, interchange network 28 routes the itineraryinformation to database 120.

After a transaction is authorized and cleared, the transaction issettled among merchant 24, merchant bank 26, and issuer bank 30.Settlement refers to the transfer of financial data or funds amongmerchant's 24 account, merchant bank 26, and issuer bank 30 related tothe transaction. Usually, transactions are captured and accumulated intoa “batch,” which is settled as a group. More specifically, a transactionis typically settled between issuer bank 30 and interchange network 28,and then between interchange network 28 and merchant bank 26, and thenbetween merchant bank 26 and merchant 24.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example analytical system 100including a plurality of computer devices connected in communication inaccordance with the present invention. In the example embodiment, system100 may be used for calculating and retrieving analytic data associatedwith a financial transaction database.

More specifically, in the example embodiment, system 100 includes aserver system 112, and a plurality of client sub-systems, also referredto as client systems 114, connected to server system 112. In oneembodiment, client systems 114 are computers including a web browser,such that server system 112 is accessible to client systems 114 usingthe Internet. Client systems 114 are interconnected to the Internetthrough many interfaces including a network 115, such as a local areanetwork (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), dial-in-connections, cablemodems, special high-speed Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)lines, and RDT networks. Client systems 114 could be any device capableof interconnecting to the Internet including a web-based phone, PDA, orother web-based connectable equipment.

System 100 also includes point-of-sale (POS) terminals 118, which may beconnected to client systems 114 and may be connected to server system112. POS terminals 118 are interconnected to the Internet through manyinterfaces including a network, such as a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN), dial-in-connections, cable modems, wirelessmodems, and special high-speed ISDN lines. POS terminals 118 could beany device capable of interconnecting to the Internet and including aninput device capable of reading information from a consumer's financialtransaction card.

A database server 116 is connected to database 120, which containsinformation on a variety of matters, as described below in greaterdetail. In one embodiment, centralized database 120 is stored on serversystem 112 and can be accessed by potential users at one of clientsystems 114 by logging onto server system 112 through one of clientsystems 114. In an alternative embodiment, database 120 is storedremotely from server system 112 and may be non-centralized.

Database 120 may include a single database having separated sections orpartitions or may include multiple databases, each being separate fromeach other. Database 120 may store transaction data generated as part ofsales activities conducted over the processing network including datarelating to merchants, account holders or customers, issuers, acquirers,and/or purchases made. Database 120 may also store account dataincluding at least one of a cardholder name, a cardholder address, anaccount number, and other account identifier. Database 120 may alsostore merchant data including a merchant identifier that identifies eachmerchant registered to use the network, and instructions for settlingtransactions including merchant bank account information. Database 120may also store purchase data associated with items being purchased by acardholder from a merchant, and authorization request data.

System 100 also includes a fact-analyzer module 121 communicativelycoupled to server system 112, database server 116, and database 120. Theoperations of fact-analyzer module 121 are discussed in greater detailbelow.

In the example embodiment, one of client systems 114 may be associatedwith acquirer bank 26 (shown in FIG. 1) while another one of clientsystems 114 may be associated with issuer bank 30 (shown in FIG. 1). POSterminal 118 may be associated with a participating merchant 24 (shownin FIG. 1) or may be a computer system and/or mobile system used by acardholder making an on-line purchase or payment. Server system 112 maybe associated with interchange network 28. In the exemplary embodiment,server system 112 is associated with a network interchange, such asinterchange network 28, and may be referred to as an interchangecomputer system. Server system 112 may be used for processingtransaction data. In addition, client systems 114 and/or POS terminal118 may include a computer system associated with at least one of anonline bank, a bill payment outsourcer, an acquirer bank, an acquirerprocessor, an issuer bank associated with a transaction card, an issuerprocessor, a remote payment system, and/or a biller.

FIG. 3 is an expanded block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of aserver architecture of a processing system 122 including other computerdevices in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.Components in system 122, identical to components of system 100 (shownin FIG. 2), are identified in FIG. 3 using the same reference numeralsas used in FIG. 2. System 122 includes server system 112, client systems114, and POS terminals 118. Server system 112 further includes databaseserver 116, a transaction server 124, a web server 126, a fax server128, a directory server 130, and a mail server 132. A storage device 134is coupled to database server 116 and directory server 130. Servers 116,124, 126, 128, 130, and 132 are coupled in a local area network (LAN)136. In addition, an issuer bank workstation 138, an acquirer bankworkstation 140, and a third party processor workstation 142 may becoupled to LAN 136. In the example embodiment, issuer bank workstation138, acquirer bank workstation 140, and third party processorworkstation 142 are coupled to LAN 136 using network connection 115.Workstations 138, 140, and 142 are coupled to LAN 136 using an Internetlink or are connected through an Intranet.

Each workstation 138, 140, and 142 is a personal computer having a webbrowser. Although the functions performed at the workstations typicallyare illustrated as being performed at respective workstations 138, 140,and 142, such functions can be performed at one of many personalcomputers coupled to LAN 136. Workstations 138, 140, and 142 areillustrated as being associated with separate functions only tofacilitate an understanding of the different types of functions that canbe performed by individuals having access to LAN 136.

Server system 112 is configured to be communicatively coupled to variousindividuals, including employees 144 and to third parties, e.g., accountholders, customers, auditors, developers, consumers, merchants,acquirers, issuers, etc., 146 using an ISP Internet connection 148. Thecommunication in the exemplary embodiment is illustrated as beingperformed using the Internet, however, any other wide area network (WAN)type communication can be utilized in other embodiments, i.e., thesystems and processes are not limited to being practiced using theInternet. In addition, and rather than WAN 150, local area network 136could be used in place of WAN 150.

In the exemplary embodiment, any authorized individual having aworkstation 154 can access system 122. At least one of the clientsystems includes a manager workstation 156 located at a remote location.Workstations 154 and 156 are personal computers having a web browser.Also, workstations 154 and 156 are configured to communicate with serversystem 112. Furthermore, fax server 128 communicates with remotelylocated client systems, including a client system 156 using a telephonelink. Fax server 128 is configured to communicate with other clientsystems 138, 140, and 142 as well.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a user system 202operated by a user 201, such as cardholder 22 (shown in FIG. 1). Usersystem 202 may include, but is not limited to, client systems 114, 138,140, and 142, POS terminal 118, workstation 154, and manager workstation156. In the exemplary embodiment, user system 202 includes a processor205 for executing instructions. In some embodiments, executableinstructions are stored in a memory area 210. Processor 205 may includeone or more processing units, for example, a multi-core configuration.Memory area 210 is any device allowing information such as executableinstructions and/or written works to be stored and retrieved. Memoryarea 210 may include one or more computer readable media.

User system 202 also includes at least one media output component 215for presenting information to user 201. Media output component 215 isany component capable of conveying information to user 201. In someembodiments, media output component 215 includes an output adapter suchas a video adapter and/or an audio adapter. An output adapter isoperatively coupled to processor 205 and operatively couplable to anoutput device such as a display device, a liquid crystal display (LCD),organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or “electronic ink”display, or an audio output device, a speaker or headphones.

In some embodiments, user system 202 includes an input device 220 forreceiving input from user 201. Input device 220 may include, forexample, a keyboard, a pointing device, a mouse, a stylus, a touchsensitive panel, a touch pad, a touch screen, a gyroscope, anaccelerometer, a position detector, or an audio input device. A singlecomponent such as a touch screen may function as both an output deviceof media output component 215 and input device 220. User system 202 mayalso include a communication interface 225, which is communicativelycouplable to a remote device such as server system 112. Communicationinterface 225 may include, for example, a wired or wireless networkadapter or a wireless data transceiver for use with a mobile phonenetwork, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), 3G, or othermobile data network or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WIMAX).

Stored in memory area 210 are, for example, computer readableinstructions for providing a user interface to user 201 via media outputcomponent 215 and, optionally, receiving and processing input from inputdevice 220. A user interface may include, among other possibilities, aweb browser and client application. Web browsers enable users, such asuser 201, to display and interact with media and other informationtypically embedded on a web page or a website from server system 112. Aclient application allows user 201 to interact with a server applicationfrom server system 112.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a server system 301such as server system 112 (shown in FIGS. 2 and 3). Server system 301may include, but is not limited to, database server 116, transactionserver 124, web server 126, fax server 128, directory server 130, andmail server 132.

Server system 301 includes a processor 305 for executing instructions.Instructions may be stored in a memory area 310, for example. Processor305 may include one or more processing units (e.g., in a multi-coreconfiguration) for executing instructions. The instructions may beexecuted within a variety of different operating systems on the serversystem 301, such as UNIX, LINUX, Microsoft Windows®, etc. It should alsobe appreciated that upon initiation of a computer-based method, variousinstructions may be executed during initialization. Some operations maybe required in order to perform one or more processes described herein,while other operations may be more general and/or specific to aparticular programming language (e.g., C, C#, C++, Java, or othersuitable programming languages, etc.).

Processor 305 is operatively coupled to a communication interface 315such that server system 301 is capable of communicating with a remotedevice such as a user system or another server system 301. For example,communication interface 315 may receive requests from user system 114via the Internet, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Processor 305 may also be operatively coupled to a storage device 134.Storage device 134 is any computer-operated hardware suitable forstoring and/or retrieving data. In some embodiments, storage device 134is integrated in server system 301. For example, server system 301 mayinclude one or more hard disk drives as storage device 134. In otherembodiments, storage device 134 is external to server system 301 and maybe accessed by a plurality of server systems 301. For example, storagedevice 134 may include multiple storage units such as hard disks orsolid state disks in a redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID)configuration. Storage device 134 may include a storage area network(SAN) and/or a network attached storage (NAS) system.

In some embodiments, processor 305 is operatively coupled to storagedevice 134 via a storage interface 320. Storage interface 320 is anycomponent capable of providing processor 305 with access to storagedevice 134. Storage interface 320 may include, for example, an AdvancedTechnology Attachment (ATA) adapter, a Serial ATA (SATA) adapter, aSmall Computer System Interface (SCSI) adapter, a RAID controller, a SANadapter, a network adapter, and/or any component providing processor 305with access to storage device 134.

Memory area 310 may include, but are not limited to, random accessmemory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) or static RAM (SRAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), andnon-volatile RAM (NVRAM). The above memory types are exemplary only, andare thus not limiting as to the types of memory usable for storage of acomputer program.

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an example transaction database601 and a set of core data structures 602 used by system 100 (shown inFIG. 2). Components in FIG. 6, identical to components of system 100(shown in FIG. 2), are identified using the same reference numerals asused in FIG. 2. In the example embodiment, core data structures 602 maybe used for calculating and retrieving analytic data associated with afinancial transaction database, such as transaction database 601.

More specifically, in the example embodiment, database 120 includestransaction database 601 and core data structures 602. Alternatively,transaction database 601 and core data structures 602 may be stored inseparate databases running on the same server system 112 (shown in FIG.2), or a different server system communicatively coupled with databaseserver 116 (shown in FIG. 2). Core data structures 602 includes aplurality of interlinked tables, including a “facts” data structure 610,a “collections” data structure 611, a “calendar” data structure 612, anda “measures” data structure 613. The uses of transaction database 601and core data structures 602 are described below in greater detail. Asused herein, the term “data structure” refers, generally, to anorganizational scheme for data. More specifically, the term “datastructure”, as used herein, may refer to a database table structurecommonly used to organize data in traditional RDBMS systems, and/or mayrefer to a broader or more granular organization of data. In the exampleembodiment, facts data structure 610, collections data structure 611,calendar data structure 612, and measure data structure 613 are eachtables in a single schema within database 120.

Fact-analyzer module 121 is communicatively coupled to server system 112and database server 116 (shown in FIG. 2). Fact-analyzer module 121 isconfigured to perform query computations on transaction data 601, andstore the results in fact data structure 610. As used herein, the terms“aggregation result”, “aggregation value”, and “aggregated value” areused interchangeably to refer to the result generated by a querycomputation performed on transaction database 601. The query computationmay be a single query and computation, or may be a series of queriesand/or computations, culminating in a single value result. In theexample embodiment, fact-analyzer module 121 is a computer programexecuting instructions on server system 112. Alternatively,fact-analyzer module 121 may execute instructions on any computer systemcapable of communicatively coupling with server system 112 and databaseserver 116. The operations of fact-analyzer module 121 are discussed infurther detail below.

FIG. 7 is a detailed schematic block diagram of the example core datastructures 602 shown in FIG. 6. Components in FIG. 7, identical tocomponents shown in FIG. 6, are identified using the same referencenumerals as used in FIG. 6. In the example embodiment, fact datastructure 610 is surrounded by three supporting tables, includingcollection data structure 611, calendar data structure 612, and measuredata structure 613. Fact data structure 610 includes a plurality ofaggregated values computed by fact-analyzer module 121 (shown in FIG.6). Additionally, each aggregated value includes a link to an element inmeasure data structure 613, a link to an element in calendar datastructure 612, and one or more links to elements in collection datastructure 611. These links, and their uses, are described in furtherdetail below. As used herein, the term “link” is used, generally, torefer to any method of referencing another element in a data structure.In the example embodiment, each element in each data structure has aunique identification number within the element's data structure.“Linking” to an element, in the example embodiment, involves referencingthe element using its unique identification number. As used herein, theterm “index identifier” (“index ID”) refers to one of these uniqueidentification numbers. Alternatively, any method of linking toindividual elements within a data structure that enables operation ofthe methods and systems described herein may be used.

Also, as used herein, the term “element” generally refers to a groupingof related data. More specifically, in the example embodiment, anelement refers to a row in a database table. For example, when anaggregated value is calculated and stored in fact data structure 610,the aggregated value is stored in an element, or a row, of the databasetable. Further, each element or row in a database table has associatedwith it a data structure defining one or more data values that may bestored within it, including data types associated with each of thosedata values. For example, the fact data structure 610 is a databasetable having a plurality of elements, or rows, where each row has astructure including a “Measure ID”, a “POV Collection ID” (“point ofview”), a “Reporting Collection ID”, a “Calendar Item ID”, a “DetailCollection ID”, and a “Measure Value”. Each of these fields are of datatype “Number.” Further, each of these data values within a datastructure or table are commonly referred to as a “field” or “column” ofthe table. The data structure of the table defines the structure of eachrow within the table. For example, when the aggregated value is storedwithin an element in fact data structure 210, the aggregated value, morespecifically, is stored within a field of the element, in this case the“Measure Value” field.

Within facts data structure 610, the “Measure Value” field is used tostore aggregated values of calculations computed by fact-analyzer module121. All of the other fields shown in the example embodiment representlinks to elements in the other three tables. Fact-analyzer module 121uses each of these links to calculate and/or categorize the particularaggregated value. “Measure ID” is an index ID referencing an element inmeasure data structure 613 associated with the aggregated valuecomputation. “Calendar Item ID” is an index ID referencing an element incalendar data structure 612 associated with the aggregated valuecomputation. The “POV Collection ID”, “Reporting Collection ID”, and“Detail Collection ID” are each index ID's referencing three separateelements in collection data structure 611. The relationships betweeneach of the data structures and how fact-analyzer module 121 operatesupon these data structures is described in further detail below.

FIG. 8 is a detailed schematic block diagram of a “collection” subset ofdata structures 800 supporting collection data structure 611 shown inFIGS. 6 and 7. Components in FIG. 8, identical to components shown inFIG. 6, are identified using the same reference numerals as used in FIG.6. Collection data structure 611 generally defines category attributes,or “collections”, for the fact-data elements stored in fact datastructure 610. For example, a particular fact-data element may beassociated with a particular customer or user of system 112 (shown inFIG. 2). A collection-data element may be created identifying thatparticular customer. When a fact-data element is linked with thatparticular collection-data element, the fact-data element is therebyassociated with that particular customer. In the example embodiment, the“POV Collection ID”, i.e., “point of view” index ID linking from factdata structure 610 into collection data structure 611, is used for thispurpose.

Further, a second collection-data element may be created identifying anadditional categorization, such as a particular account or geography forthat customer. The same fact-data element may also include a link tothis second collection-data element, thereby additionally associatingthe fact-data element with this particular account or geography. In theexample embodiment, the “Reporting Collection ID” is an index ID fromfact data structure into the collection data structure 220 used for thispurpose. In addition, further collection-data elements may be created toenable additional categorizations. In the example embodiment, a “DetailCollection ID” is defined in fact data structure 610, allowing fact-dataelements to have a third collection type to which they may beassociated. It should be understood that the types of categorizationsdescribed here are examples, and that other uses of this categorizationtechnique may be employed while remaining within the scope of thisdisclosure. Further, a tiered relationship between the customercollection-data elements and the customer accounts or geographiescollection-data elements may be implemented. However, it should beunderstood that a tiered relationship between collection-data elementsis not necessary to practice the methods and systems as describedherein.

The “collection” subset of data structures 800, in the exampleembodiment, also include collection type and attribute informationassociated with collections. A “Collection Type” data structure 802stores elements defining the types of collections that are defined. Forexample, in the setting of payment card transactions, collection typesmay include “issuer”, “app provider”, “company”, “issuer group”,“company group”, and “spending category.” Each collection-data elementstored in collection data structure 611 is linked to a single element incollection type data structure 802 using the “Collection Type ID” fieldin each respective table as the index ID. Two additional tables, an“Attribute Definition” data structure 804, and a “Collection Attribute”data structure 806, are also shown. This pair of tables allows for therecording of attributes of collections, and is configured in such a wayas to allow many additional non-identifying pieces of data about thecollection-data elements. They are associated with each other throughthe index ID's “Attribute ID”, “Collection Type ID”, and “CollectionID”.

Additionally, in the example embodiment, the “collection” subset of datastructures 800 also includes a pair of tables that define mapping ofrelationships between the collections. Within collection entity datastructure 808, a plurality of collection entities are defined, andlinked individually to an entity within an “Entity” data structure 810using the “Entity ID” field as an index ID between the two tables.

The “collection” subset of data structures 800 also includes linkage toa “Calendar Name” data structure 812. The calendar data structure 812elements may be associated with a particular collection-data element incollection data structure 611 using the “Collection ID” field in bothtables. The calendar data structure 812 is discussed in greater detailbelow.

FIG. 9 is a detailed schematic block diagram of a “calendar” subset ofdata structures 900 supporting the calendar data structure 612 shown inFIGS. 6 and 7. Components in FIG. 9, identical to components shown inFIG. 6, are identified using the same reference numerals as used in FIG.6. Calendar data structure 612 generally defines time periods associatedwith fact-data elements stored in fact data structure 610. For example,a particular fact-data element may be associated with the month ofJanuary, 2013. A calendar-data element may be created identifying thatparticular time period. When a fact-data element is linked with thatparticular calendar-data element, the fact-data element is therebyassociated with that particular time period, i.e., the month of January,2012. In the example embodiment, the “Calendar Item ID” field is anindex ID used to link the fact-data elements of fact data structure 610to the calendar-data elements of calendar data structure 612. Further,calendar data structure 612 includes fields “Start Date” and “End Date”,which serve to define the applicable time period of any fact-dataelement associated with the particular calendar-data element. In theabove example, the “Start Date” would be 00:00:00 Jan. 1, 2013, and the“End Date” would be 23:59:59 Jan. 31, 2013.

The “calendar” subset of data structures 900, in the example embodiment,further include a pair of tables used to store calendar day information.“Calendar Item Day” data structure 904 and “Day” data structure 906store a list of days associated with each calendar-data element, therebyenabling system 100 (shown in FIG. 2) to record the composition ofnon-standard calendars and calendar items, such as those for which theday constituents of a time period cannot be determined by a normalsystem date function, for example, custom fiscal periods and accountingperiods. These custom periods allow system 100 to correctly aggregatedata for these custom periods of time. Also linking to calendar datastructure 612 is calendar name data structure 812. Calendar name datastructure 812 includes a “Calendar Name” field, along with links to bothcalendar data structure 612, through “Calendar ID” index ID, and tocollection data structure 611, through “Collection ID” index ID.

FIG. 10 is a detailed schematic block diagram of a “measure” subset ofdata structures 1000 supporting the measure data structure 613 shown inFIGS. 6 and 7. Components in FIG. 10, identical to components shown inFIG. 6, are identified using the same reference numerals as used in FIG.6. Measure data structure 613 generally defines parameters associatedwith the calculation of aggregated values. For example, a particularfact-data element with an aggregated value may be associated with aparticular measure-data element that further defines what particularcombinations of parameters were used to compute the aggregated value. Ameasure-data element may be created identifying a particular combinationof parameters. When the fact-data element is linked with that particularmeasure-data element, the fact-data element is thereby associated withthat particular combination of parameters. In the example embodiment,the “Measure ID” field is an index ID used to link the fact-dataelements of fact data structure 610 to the measure-data elements ofmeasure data structure 613.

Measure data structure 613 also includes a “Measure Name” which, in theexemplary embodiment, is a unique, human-readable designation used toidentify a measure during development of the query, as well as toidentify the meaning of each value returned by the analysis. A “DefaultFormat” is optionally used to contain a template for the presentation ofthe data returned for the measure, signifying formatting informationsuch as whether the number should be shown as an integer, a percentage,or a currency value.

Measure-data elements, in the example embodiment, are additionallylinked to a plurality of “Element Measure” elements in an “ElementMeasure” data structure 1002. Each element measure represents arelationship between measure-data elements from measure data structure613 and metric-element-data elements from a “Metric Element” datastructure 1004. Each metric-element-data element includes a “MetricElement Name” and a “Metric Element Notes”. Further, eachmetric-element-data element includes a link to a “Metric Type” in a“Metric Type” data structure 1006, as well as a link to one or moreelement-measure-data elements in element measure data structure 1002.

In operation, each measure-data element in measure data structure 613will be some combination of one or more metric-element-data elementsfrom metric element data structure 1004. For example, metric-type-dataelements in metric type data structure 1006 store classifications ofmetric elements, such as, for example, “base measures”, “data sources”,and “aggregation time frames.” Each measure-data element may require a“base measure”, and optionally may include a “data source” and an“aggregation time frame.” If the list of “base measures” in metricelement data structure 1004 includes “Widget Count” and “Average WidgetWeight”, and the list of “data sources” is “Factory 1”, “Factory 2”, and“Warehouse”, and the list of “aggregation time frames” is “Past 7 Days”and “Month-to-Date”, then system 100 could have each of the permutationsof these three metric elements 1004, such as:

“base measure” “data source” “aggregation time frame” Widget Count,Factory 2, Month-to-Date; or Average Widget Weight, Warehouse, Past 7Days

Metric element data structure 1004, and its mapping back to a relativelysmall number of elements, provides the user of system 100 with a way tosegment the calculation of the facts so that any number of calculationsmay be performed in a single pass. The user may identify differentaggregation strategies for discrete collections of measures such thatall measures having the same aggregation rules can be calculated in asingle pass, rather than having to calculate aggregations for eachmeasure individually. This approach presents a great time savings whencalculating values for facts data structure 610.

The various example embodiments of collection data, calendar data, andmeasure data shown in FIGS. 6-10 represent an example embodiment of datastructures that separate data into multiple tables. This separation addssome benefits to the overall system, including de-duplication of data,i.e., minimizing the number of times data values are repeated, therebyminimizing the total size of collection data structure 611, calendardata structure 612, and measure data structure 613, and increasing sometransaction speeds when utilizing these tables. It should be understood,however, that other variations on these structures are possible, andwithin the scope of this disclosure, including, for example, having onlya single collection table, a single calendar table, and a single measuretable, each containing the substantive content of their illustrated andrespective sub-tables.

In the example embodiment, each of the tables shown in FIGS. 7-10 arestored inside a single schema managed by a single instance of an RDBMS.Some of the functionality disclosed herein requires that certain ofthese tables be managed by a single RDBMS, while with otherfunctionality it is possible to have multiple RDBMS instances managingdifferent tables. It should be understood that any combination of tablemanagement using one or more RDBMS's that enables operation of themethods and systems as described herein may be used.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a method 1100 for calculating andretrieving analytic data using the server system 112 shown in FIG. 2 andthe data structures shown in FIGS. 6-10. In the example embodiment,method 1100 is executed at least in part by fact-analyzer module 121(shown in FIG. 2) utilizing server system 112 (shown in FIG. 2) anddatabase server 116 (shown in FIG. 2). Method 1100 includes storing 1110one or more measure-data elements in measure data structure 613. Method1100 further includes storing 1112 one or more calendar-data elements incalendar data structure 612. Method 1100 also includes storing 1114 oneor more collection-data elements in collection data structure 611.

Method 1100, in the example embodiment, then calculates 1116 anaggregated value on transaction database 601 (shown in FIG. 6) utilizingat least one measure-data element, one calendar-data element, and one ormore collection-data elements. More specifically, a measure-data elementis used to define metric parameters associated with the calculation, acalendar-data element is used to define a time range associated with thecalculation, and one or more collection-data elements are used to definethe scope and categorization of the calculation. Method 1100 then stores1118 the aggregated value and links to the measure-data element,calendar-data element, and collection data element(s) used to create theaggregated value, in a fact-data element within fact data structure 610.

In the example embodiment, before calculating 1116 an aggregated value,a fact-data element would be stored in the fact data structure 610. Thisfact-data element would identify the associated measure-data element,calendar-data element, and collection-data element(s) to be used whencalculating 1116 the aggregated value. Further, the aggregated resultwould be stored 1118 in the same fact-data element that was used tocreate the calculation. Further, in some embodiments, the storing of anew fact-data element thereby defines and enables a new aggregate valuecalculation. In other embodiments, new aggregate value calculations areenabled by storing new elements in one of measure data structure 613,calendar data structure 612, and collection data structure 611.

When a user requests result data, method 1100 receives 1120 a requestfor one or more aggregated values from the user. In the exampleembodiment, the request comes from a user of server system 112 (shown inFIG. 2), such as an issuer or an acquirer client system 114 (shown inFIG. 2). The request is formed into an SQL query, as discussed infurther detail below.

Based on the request, method 1100 then identifies 1122 one or morefact-data elements within fact data structure 610. In some embodiments,the fact-data elements may be further aggregated based on the request.In other embodiments, each of the one or more aggregated values from theone or more fact-data elements may be returned individually. Method 1100outputs 1124 the aggregated value(s) requested.

In the example embodiment, identifying 1122 one or more non-aggregatedfact-data elements, i.e., where no further computation on the individualfact-data elements is necessary to provide the user with the desiredresult, involves identifying these elements based on their associatedmeasure-data element, calendar-data element, and one or morecollection-data elements relative to the request. However, identifying1122 an aggregation of fact-data elements (i.e., where some combinationof several fact-data elements is necessary to provide the user with thedesired result) involves a cross-table operation that leverages thestructures of each of the described database tables, as well asoperations commonly found in relational database management systems. Forexample, a user represented by the “Collection ID”=99 who wishes toretrieve a complete list of the transaction counts and login counts forall of the issuers he is allowed to see for the month of August 2012 mayrun the following query:

SELECT   collection.collection_name,   SUM(DECODE(measure.measure_name,‘Transaction Count’,   fact.measure_value, 0)),  SUM(DECODE(measure.measure_name, ‘Login Count’,   fact.measure_value,0)) FROM   fact   JOIN collection ON (fact.reporting_collection_id =  collection.collection_id)   JOIN measure ON (fact.measure_id =measure.measure_id) WHERE   fact.calendar_item_id IN (SELETcalendar_item_id FROM   calendar_item WHERE calendar_item_name = “August2012”)   AND fact.pov_collection_id = 99   ANDcollection.collection_type_id IN   (SELECT collection_type_id   FROMcollection_type WHERE collection_type_name = ‘Issuer’) GROUP BY  collection.collection_name;The aggregation function in this example is performed by the “SUM”operation. Alternatively, other aggregation functions such as COUNT andAVG may be used. A conditional flow operation in this example isperformed by the “DECODE” operation. Alternatively, other conditionalflow operations such as CASE may be used.

More generally, during identification 1122 of fact-data elements in theexample embodiment, a “point of view” (POV) filter may be used toprevent retrieval of duplicate information, and to assure that the datafetched pertains to the user making the request. For example, a WHEREclause such as the following may be used:

-   -   WHERE fact.pov_collection_id=<a collection id previously        retrieved to represent the identity of the user making the        request>

Further, a “subject area” filter may be used to limit the calculatedfacts retrieved to a set of one or more “reporting collections”. Forexample, a WHERE clause such as the following may be used:

-   -   WHERE . . . AND fact.reporting_collection_id IN (<some sub-query        or expression identifying which reporting collections are in the        scope of analysis>)        Additionally, a “time filter” may be used to on the calendar        item to define the time scope of the analysis, and to prevent        retrieval of duplicate information, such as from the unintended        addition of daily totals to monthly totals. For example, a WHERE        clause such as the following may be used:    -   WHERE . . . AND fact.calendar_item_id IN (<some sub-query or        expression identifying which calendar items are in the scope of        analysis>)

Method 1100, in the example embodiment, further includes steps forupdating an already-existing fact-data element. Some fact-data elementsmay be temporal, such as when a fact-data element is based on a periodof time relative to the current time. For example, an aggregated valueinvolving a customer's current monthly totals, or prior 30 days totals,will periodically go stale and require recalculation. Server system 112already has the necessary elements required to form a calculation andcreate an updated result, i.e., the existing fact-data element has linksto the measure-date element, calendar-data element, and collection-dataelement(s) used to calculate the previous aggregated value. Method 1100then calculates 1130 an updated aggregated value using the same stepsdescribed above, and stores 1132 the updated aggregated value in thesame fact-data element used during the calculation. In some embodiments,calculating 1130 an updated aggregated value may involve mergingcalculation results into a fact-data element. In other embodiments,calculating 1130 an updated aggregated value may involve deleting theprior value and inserting the newly calculated value.

As will be appreciated based on the foregoing specification, theabove-described embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented usingcomputer programming or engineering techniques including computersoftware, firmware, hardware or any combination or subset thereof,wherein the technical effect is a flexible system for configuring,calculating, storing, and retrieving aggregated values associated with atransaction database. Any such resulting program, havingcomputer-readable code means, may be embodied or provided within one ormore computer-readable media, thereby making a computer program product,i.e., an article of manufacture, according to the discussed embodimentsof the disclosure. The computer-readable media may be, for example, butis not limited to, a fixed (hard) drive, diskette, optical disk,magnetic tape, semiconductor memory such as read-only memory (ROM),and/or any transmitting/receiving medium such as the Internet or othercommunication network or link. The article of manufacture containing thecomputer code may be made and/or used by executing the code directlyfrom one medium, by copying the code from one medium to another medium,or by transmitting the code over a network.

These computer programs (also known as programs, software, softwareapplications, “apps”, or code) include machine instructions for aprogrammable processor, and can be implemented in a high-levelprocedural and/or object-oriented programming language, and/or inassembly/machine language. As used herein, the terms “machine-readablemedium” “computer-readable medium” refers to any computer programproduct, apparatus and/or device (e.g., magnetic discs, optical disks,memory, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machineinstructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including amachine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as amachine-readable signal. The “machine-readable medium” and“computer-readable medium,” however, do not include transitory signals.The term “machine-readable signal” refers to any signal used to providemachine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor.

The above-described embodiments of methods and systems for calculatingand retrieving analytic data provide a significant retrieval speedincrease over prior known methods, utilizing built-in functions oftraditional relational databases. The data tables are structured forflexibility, allowing a variety of measure metrics, calendar timeperiods, and collection categorizations to be stored and implemented toserve multiple customers using a shared database infrastructure.Pre-computation and storing of particular aggregation values allows thesystem to merely look up a value when requested by a user. Furthercombinations of aggregated values based on various attributes may beaccomplished efficiently using native database tools. Further, bystoring data associated with calculations of the aggregated values,values may be easily re-calculated as needed.

This written description uses examples to disclose the invention,including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the invention, including making and using any devices orsystems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope ofthe invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examplesthat occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intendedto be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elementsthat do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if theyinclude equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differencesfrom the literal languages of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A data management system for calculating andretrieving analytic data includes a computing device coupled to adatabase including transaction data, the data management systemcomprising: a measure data structure within the database comprising ameasure-data element; a collection data structure within the databasecomprising a collection-data element; a fact data structure within thedatabase configured to store a fact-data element, wherein the fact-dataelement includes an aggregated value, a link to the measure-dataelement, a link to the collection-data element, a point of viewcollection identifier identifying a user requesting a calculationassociated with each fact-data element, and a reporting collectionidentifier identifying a particular account associated with eachfact-data element; and a fact-analyzer module configured to: generatethe aggregated value from the transaction data utilizing at least themeasure-data element and the collection-data element, wherein themeasure-data element defines how the aggregated value is calculated andthe collection-data element defines a categorization of the aggregatedvalue; identify a subject area filter identifying a scope of analysis;filter the aggregated value based on the subject area filter and thecollection data element; store the aggregated value and links to themeasure-data element and the collection-data element in the fact-dataelement; receive, from a user, a request for the aggregated value afterstoring the fact-data element, wherein receiving a request for theaggregated value includes i) identifying the fact-data element using atleast the measure-data element and the collection-data element and ii)using a database cross-table operation including a join operation and adecode operation, such that each of the fact data structure, measuredata structure, and collection data structure are referenced during therequest, and wherein a point of view filter is used duringidentification of the fact-data element to prevent retrieval ofduplicate information and to assure that the aggregated value pertainsto the user making the request; identify the aggregated value from thefact data structure based at least in part on the request; and outputthe aggregated value.
 2. The system in accordance with claim 1, whereinthe fact-analyzer module further configured to: recalculate theaggregated value after the aggregated value becomes stale, wherein astale aggregated value is determined based on at least one of an elapsedamount of time, a fixed point in time, and a user input; and store therecalculated aggregated value in the fact-data element.
 3. The system inaccordance with claim 1, wherein the fact-analyzer module is furtherconfigured to store at least one of an additional fact-data element, anadditional measure-data element, and an additional collection-dataelement to the database.
 4. The system in accordance with claim 1,wherein generating an aggregated value further utilizes anothercollection-data element from the collection data structure to define anadditional categorization of the aggregated value.
 5. The system inaccordance with claim 1, wherein the collection data structure includesa collection type, a collection identifier, a collection name, acollection attribute, and a collection entity.
 6. The system inaccordance with claim 1, wherein the measure data structure includes ameasure name, a measure identifier, a metric type, and a metric element.7. The system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: a calendardata structure within the database comprising a calendar-data element,wherein the aggregated value further includes a link to thecalendar-data element, wherein the fact-analyzer module is furtherconfigured to generate the aggregated value using the calendar-dataelement, wherein the calendar-data element defines the time range overwhich the aggregated value is calculated.
 8. The system in accordancewith claim 7, wherein the calendar data structure includes a calendaridentifier, a calendar item identifier, a calendar item name, a startdate, and an end date.
 9. A method of calculating and retrievinganalytic data stored within a computing device in communication with adatabase, the method comprising the steps of: storing a measure-dataelement in a measure data structure within the database; storing acollection-data element in a collection data structure within thedatabase; calculating an aggregated value from the database based atleast in part on the measure-data element and the collection-dataelement, wherein the measure-data element defines how the aggregatedvalue is calculated and the collection-data element defines acategorization of the aggregated value; identifying a subject areafilter identifying a scope of analysis; filtering the aggregated valuebased on the subject area filter and the collection data element;storing the aggregated value and links to the measure-data element andthe collection-data element in a fact-data element of a fact datastructure, wherein the fact-data element includes the aggregated value,a link to the measure-data element, a link to the collection-dataelement, a point of view collection identifier identifying a userrequesting a calculation associated with each fact-data element, and areporting collection identifier identifying a particular accountassociated with each fact-data element; receiving a request identifyingthe fact-data element from the fact data structure after storing thefact-data element, wherein receiving a request identifying the fact-dataelement comprises i) identifying the fact-data element using at leastthe measure-data element and the collection-data element and ii) using adatabase cross-table operation having a join operation and a decodeoperation, such that each of the fact data structure, measure datastructure, and collection data structure are each referenced during therequest, and wherein a point of view filter is used duringidentification of the fact-data element to prevent retrieval ofduplicate information and to assure that the aggregated value pertainsto the user making the request; and outputting the aggregated value fromthe fact-data element.
 10. The method in accordance with claim 9, themethod further comprising the steps of: recalculating the aggregatedvalue after the aggregated value becomes stale, wherein a staleaggregated value is determined based on at least one of an elapsedamount of time, a fixed point in time, and a user input; and storing therecalculated aggregated value in the fact-data element.
 11. The methodin accordance with claim 9, the method further comprising the step ofstoring at least one of an additional fact-data element, an additionalmeasure-data element, and an additional collection-data element to thedatabase.
 12. The method in accordance with claim 9, wherein calculatingan aggregated value further includes utilizing another collection-dataelement from the collection data structure to define an additionalcategorization of the aggregated value.
 13. The method in accordancewith claim 9, wherein storing a collection-data element includes storinga collection type, a collection identifier, a collection name, acollection attribute, and a collection entity.
 14. The method inaccordance with claim 9, wherein storing a measure-data element includesstoring a measure name, a measure identifier, a metric type, and ametric element.
 15. The method in accordance with claim 9, the methodfurther comprising: storing a calendar-data element in a calendar datastructure within the database, wherein calculating an aggregated valueis based at least in part on the calendar-data element, wherein thecalendar-data element defines a time range for the calculation, whereinstoring the aggregated value and links includes storing a link to thecalendar-data element in the aggregated value.
 16. The method inaccordance with claim 15, wherein storing a calendar-data elementincludes storing a calendar identifier, a calendar item identifier, acalendar item name, a start date, and an end date.
 17. Computer-readablestorage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon,wherein, when executed by at least one processor, thecomputer-executable instructions cause the processor to: store ameasure-data element in a measure data structure within a database;store a collection-data element in a collection data structure withinthe database; calculate an aggregated value from the database based atleast in part on the measure-data element and the collection-dataelement, wherein the measure-data element defines how the aggregatedvalue is calculated and the collection-data element defines acategorization of the aggregated value; identify a subject area filteridentifying a scope of analysis; filter the aggregated value based onthe subject area filter and the collection data element; and store theaggregated value and links to the measure-data element and thecollection-data element in a fact-data element of a fact data structure,wherein the fact-data element includes the aggregated value, a link tothe measure-data element, a link to the collection-data element, a pointof view collection identifier identifying a user requesting acalculation associated with each fact-data element, and a reportingcollection identifier identifying a particular account associated witheach fact-data element; receive a request identifying the fact-dataelement from the fact data structure after storing the fact-dataelement, wherein receiving a request includes i) identifying thefact-data element using at least the measure-data element and thecollection-data element and ii) using a database cross-table operationincluding a join operation and a decode operation, such that each of thefact data structure, measure data structure, and collection datastructure are each referenced during the request, and wherein a point ofview filter is used during identification of the fact-data element toprevent retrieval of duplicate information and to assure that theaggregated value pertains to the user making the request; and output theaggregated value from the fact-data element.
 18. The computer-readablestorage media in accordance with claim 17, wherein thecomputer-executable instructions cause the processor to: store acalendar-data element in a calendar data structure within the database,wherein calculating an aggregated value is based at least in part on thecalendar-data element, wherein the calendar-data element defines a timerange for the calculation, wherein storing the aggregated value andlinks includes storing a link to the calendar-data element in thefact-data element.
 19. The computer-readable storage media in accordancewith claim 18, wherein identifying the fact-data element comprisesidentifying the fact-data element using the calendar-data element. 20.The computer-readable storage media in accordance with claim 19, whereinusing a database cross-table operation comprises using a databasecross-table operation such that the calendar data structure isreferenced during the request.